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Dog [lovers / loves] have known since time began that pets get jealous, but now a new study has shown that it is true. A professor from the University of California [contracted / conducted] research into what makes dogs [jealous / jealousy] . Dr Christine Harris first [decision / decided] to investigate canine jealousy after she noticed [strange / strangely] behaviour among her parents' three border [collie / collies] . She noticed that when she stroked two of the pooches at the [similar / same] time, they became aggressive towards each other. Both dogs tried to knock her hand [over / away] from the other so they could receive [maximum / minimum] attention. She said: "To me, that really fit with the core motivation of jealousy….I was petting them with both my hands, not just one. They wanted [exclusively / exclusive] attention. That got me to thinking about jealousy in dogs."

Professor Harris adapted a jealousy [test / testing] commonly used on young children. Her research team [contracted / conducted] tests on 36 different dogs in their homes and [videos / videoed] their reactions. The dogs' owner had to read a short [corridor / passage] from a book while petting a toy dog that [wagged / waged] its tail and a Halloween lantern. Harris wanted to see how the dogs reacted to their owner [putting / petting] the toy dog, as well as looking at if they had any reaction to the [petting / patting] of the lantern. She noticed that the dogs were twice as [likely / likelihood] to be jealous of the toy dog. A third of the dogs tried to muscle [out / in] between the toy and its owner. Professor Harris thinks it is important to understand jealousy more. She said: "Jealousy is the third-leading [case / cause] of non-accidental homicide across cultures."